"" ANCIENT MALL: Clothing, Fashion and Brands

Sunday, May 1, 2016

Clothing, Fashion and Brands





The top 15 clothing brands millennials love - Millennials are set to become the largest group of consumers in America. Ad agency Moosylvania asked 1,500 millennials — defined as 20 to 35-year-olds — to vote for their favorite brands. We broke out the results to show which clothing and footwear brands dominate among this subset… businessinsider.com

Ancient Greek clothing was typically homemade and the same piece of homespun fabric that was used as a type of garment, or blanket. From Greek vase paintings and sculptures, we can tell that the fabrics were intensely colored and usually decorated with intricate designs.
Clothing for women and men consisted of two main garments-a tunic (either a peplos or chiton) and a cloak (himation). The peplos was a large rectangle of heavy fabric, usually wool, folded over along the upper edge so that the over fold (apoptygma) would reach to the waist. It was placed around the body and fastened at the shoulders with a pin or brooch. There were armholes were on each side, and the open side of the garment was either left that way, or pinned or sewn to form a seam.
The chiton was made of a much lighter material, normally linen. It was a very long and very wide rectangle of fabric sewn up at the sides, pinned or sewn at the shoulders, and usually girded around the waist. Often the chiton was wide enough to allow for sleeves that were fastened along the upper arms with pins or buttons. Both the peplos and chiton were floor-length garments that were usually long enough to be pulled over the belt, creating a pouch known as a kolpos. Under either garment, a woman might have worn a soft band, known as a strophion, around the mid-section of the body.
Men in ancient Greece customarily wore a chiton similar to the one worn by women, but knee-length or shorter. An exomis (a short chiton fastened on the left shoulder) was worn for exercise, horse riding, or hard labor. The himation (cloak) worn by both women and men was essentially a rectangular piece of heavy fabric, either woolen or linen. It was draped diagonally over one shoulder or symmetrically over both shoulders, like a stole.
Women sometimes wore an epiblema (shawl) over the peplos or chiton. Young men often wore a chlamys (short cloak) for riding. Greek men occasionally wore a broad-brimmed hat (petasos), and on rare occasions, Greek women donned a flat-brimmed one with a high peaked crown.
Footwear - Women and men wore sandals, slippers, soft shoes, or boots, although at home they usually went barefoot. Footwear refers to garments worn on the feet, for fashion, protection against the environment, and adornment. Shoes are a type of footwear that protects the foot and the soles of the feet. Shoes are made of many different types of materials, such as leather, fabric, and plastic. There are several types of shoes: Athletic shoes (also called "running shoes") are made of fabric, rubber, and plastic.
Fashion is a term commonly used to describe a style of clothing worn by most of the people of a country. However, popular styles of cars, furniture, homes, and many other products are also fashions. The kinds of art, music, literature, and sports that many people prefer can likewise be called fashions. Thus, a fashion is—or reflects—a form of behaviour accepted by most people in a society.
A fashion remains popular for a few months or years before being replaced by yet another fashion. A product or activity is in fashion or is fashionable during the pe­riod of time that a large segment of society accepts it. After a time, however, the same product or activity be­comes old-fashioned when the majority of people no longer accept it.
Most people do not easily accept extreme changes in fashion. Therefore, most new fashions closely resemble those they replace.
A clothing style may be introduced as a fashion, but its use becomes a custom if it is handed down from generation to generation. For example, in the early 1800's, long trousers replaced knee-length pants and stockings as the fashion in men's clothing in Europe and the United States. Today, wearing long trousers is a cus­tom for men in most countries. But fashionable varia­tions in the colour and shape of trousers have occurred over the years.
A fashion that quickly comes and goes is frequently called a fad. The majority of people do not accept fads. Some people may become involved in faddish behav­iour because fads can be widely publicized. Fads of the mid-1900's included playing with such toys as hula hoops and skateboards.
Why people follow fashion
Before the 1800's, some countries had laws that regu­lated the clothing fashions of people in certain social classes. Many of these sumptuary laws were designed to preserve the class system. Sometimes, they forced people to buy products manufactured in their own country. An English law of the 1600's required men of the lower classes to wear woollen caps made in Eng­land. However, this same law permitted men of high po­sition to wear velvet hats from France and Italy.
Today, people follow fashion for various reasons. For example, they may want to identify with a select group of people. New fashions may be adopted immediately by well-known people, including athletes, film stars, and political figures. Then, other people may follow these fashions so that they can identify with this privileged group. Some people think that fashionable clothes and surroundings raise their status in life.
Following fashion provides a way for people to gain acceptance from others. This adoption of fashion ap­plies more to clothes and social behaviour than to cars, houses, and other items that most people cannot afford to replace frequently. During the 1950's and 1960's, many young people identified with one another's political and social beliefs by wearing blue jeans. After a while, blue jeans became a fashion that was accepted by a wide va­riety of people.
People also follow fashion to make themselves more attractive. Standards of beauty change over the years, and people decorate themselves to fit their society's changing standards. Ideas of beauty also vary from cul­ture to culture. For example, people in many countries use cosmetics to increase their attractiveness. In some countries, people use tinted cream on their cheeks. In other countries, people decorate themselves with tat­toos and with scars filled with coloured clay.
Men and women have always enjoyed changing their appearance. Following new fashions in clothes, hair styles, and makeup allows people to alter their appear­ance in a generally accepted way.
What causes fashion to change
Major changes in fashion occurred infrequently be­fore the 1300's. Since then, the political and social condi­tions of a country, plus technological developments, have influenced fashion in various ways.
Political and social conditions. During the 1300's, the rulers of many European countries began to set fashions that were followed by the members of their courts. In the mid-1600's, King Louis XIII of France began wearing a wig to hide his baldness. Fashionable French­men soon began to shave their heads and wear wigs. In the mid-1800's, English women are said to have copied Queen Victoria's stout figure by wearing puffy dresses with padding underneath.
Some fashion changes have accompanied a break­down in the system of social classes. The members of the nobility lost much of their power during the 1300's, the nobility began to dress more elaborately to distinguish themselves from the middle classes.
During the mid-1800's, mass production of clothing made fashionable clothes available to more people at lower prices. People of all social classes began to wear similar styles of clothing. Today, it is easier to identify an expensive garment by the quality of its fabric and manu­facture than by its style.
Over the years, fashions in games and sports have in­fluenced the way people dress. During the 1700's, peo­ple in England adopted simpler clothing styles after they became interested in fox hunting and other outdoor sports. Today, many people wear special clothing for such activities as golf, horse riding, hunting, and tennis.
Wars have also affected the style of dress in a coun­try. European soldiers returning from the crusades dur­ing the 1100's and 1200's brought back various Eastern ideas of dress styles. The crusaders also returned with rich silk and other textiles that were not available in Eu­rope.
During the French Revolution (1789-1795), the elegant dress styles associated with the French nobility were re­placed by plainer fashions. After Napoleon became em­peror in 1804, he brought back elaborate fashions in clothing for the court.
During World War II (1939-1945), the shortage of fab­rics limited new fashions. The governments of many countries restricted the amount of fabric that could be used in various garments. Nylon stockings were also scarce during World War II, and many women began wearing leg paint.
Technological developments. The development of new dyes, machinery, and textiles has greatly affected most areas of fashion, especially clothing. The style of dress has changed frequently in countries that have highly mechanized production systems.
During the early 1700's, new dyes made new colour combinations possible in clothes. In the late 1700's, the invention of the toothed cotton gin, the power loom, and other machines sped up the production of fabric and yarn. Industrial mass production of clothing began after the development of improved sewing machines during the mid-1800's. The production of many identical garments resulted in a more uniform clothing style for many people. Since that time, the garment industry has influenced the design of new clothing fashions.
In the early 1900's, manufacturers began to make clothing and other products from synthetic fabrics. These materials have become popular because they are easier to care for and less expensive than some natural fibres. People began to wear lighter-weight clothing at about the same time, following the development of more efficient heating systems. 
At one time, changes in fashion spread slowly from one country to another. Today, various communication systems keep people informed on current fashion devel­opments in all parts of the world. 

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